益母草制剂的开发与应用

益母草制剂在临床中应用广泛,主要用于多种妇产科疾病的治疗,且效果显著。其中,益母草注射剂、益母草颗粒、益母草片是临床上最常见的益母草剂型,其有效性和安全性在长期的临床实践中得到认可。本论文结合项目组对益母草制剂的二次开发研究思路,对上述具有代表性的益母草制剂的制剂工艺、质量控制和临床应用进行介绍,以期为益母草制剂的现代研究和临床安全应用提供一定的参考。     

Birth weight,weight over the adult life course and risk of breast cancer

Breast cancer has been suggested to potentially have prenatal origins. We examined associations between birth weight, body mass index (BMI) at four-time points over 25 years of adulthood, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, with emphasis on whether the association between birth weight and risk of breast cancer was mediated by weight and height changes over the adult life course. Postmenopausal women (n = 70,397) aged 50–79 years without breast cancer at enrollment (1993–1998) were followed up to 25 years. Weight and height were measured at baseline. Birth weight, and weights at ages 18, 35 and 50 were self-reported. Breast cancer cases were centrally adjudicated. Compared to women with birth weight of 6–8 pounds, women with birth weight of <6 pounds had lower risk of breast cancer (HR = 0.88 95% CI: 0.79–0.99). 44% and 21% of the relationship between birth weight and breast cancer risk was mediated by adult height and weight at baseline, respectively. Birth weight of 8 pounds or more was not associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Weight gain in adulthood was associated with increased risk of breast cancer regardless of time periods. In conclusion, lower birthweight was associated with lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and this reduction in risk was significantly mediated by childhood or adolescent growth, especially by adult height. Our data suggest that reaching and maintaining a healthy weight during adulthood is key in the prevention of breast cancer.     

十味温胆汤治疗缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证的临床观察

目的:观察十味温胆汤治疗缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证临床疗效,探究其作用机制。方法:将缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证患者80例,采用随机数字表法分组。对照组40例,给予口服用抗抑郁药帕罗西汀20 mg·d-1;观察组40例,十味温胆汤内服,1剂/d。两组疗程均为连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效、汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17(HAMD-17)因子评分,血清C-反应蛋白(CRP),同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,中医证候积分、生活质量评分,并进行比较。结果:经过治疗,观察组疗效明显优于对照组(Z=-2.104,P0.05),且总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=5.00,P0.05);与本组治疗前进行比较,观察组患者的HAMD量表-17各因子评分均明显减少(P0.05),对照组患者的HAMD量表-17各因子评分除绝望感、焦虑两项无差异,其他各项因子评分均明显减少(P0.05);与对照组治疗后比较,观察组HAMD量表-17各因子评分减少更明显(P0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者血清CRP,Hcy水平均显著降低(P0.01);与对照组治疗后比较,观察组血清CRP,Hcy水平降低更明显(P0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗后观察组患者中医证候评分均显著减少(P0.01),对照组患者小便清长明显降低(P0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗后观察组患者生活质量评分均显著提高(P0.01),对照组患者SF-36健康调查简表评分除精力、社会职能,其他评分均明显提高(P0.05),观察组治疗后躯体功能、生理智能、躯体疼痛、社会职能、精神健康评分较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:与常规西医治疗比较,十味温胆汤治疗缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证,可进一步减轻患者的抑郁程度,改善抑郁症状,提高生活质量,临床疗效和综合效果更为明显。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱、多指标成分含量测定及化学计量学的湿热痹片质量评价

目的 建立指纹图谱和多指标定量与化学计量学相结合的湿热痹片质量评价方法。方法 采用Waters Symmetry C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），柱温30℃；检测波长分别为303 nm（检测桑皮苷A、桑皮苷F、桑辛素M）和270 nm（检测连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯II、苍术素）；流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液，梯度洗脱，体积流量1.0 mL/min。利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012.130723版）建立湿热痹片的HPLC指纹图谱，确定共有峰并进行相似度评价；并对桑皮苷A、桑皮苷F、桑辛素M、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯II、苍术素的含量测定方法进行方法学验证；基于指纹图谱共有峰峰面积测定结果，采用聚类分析和主成分分析等化学计量学方法对不同批次的湿热痹片进行质量评价。结果 湿热痹片HPLC指纹图谱确认了16个共有峰，指认9个共有峰，10批湿热痹片样品相似度均大于0.95，相似度良好；9种成分在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r² ≥ 0.999 1），平均加样回收率分别为98.87%、97.44%、97.94%、98.39%、100.13%、99.06%、96.80%、98.44%、99.15%，RSD分别为1.42%、1.17%、1.30%、0.91%、0.86%、1.23%、1.08%、1.37%、0.79%；10批次样品中桑皮苷A、桑皮苷F、桑辛素M、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯II、苍术素的质量浓度分别在0.192~0.289、0.057~0.095、0.113~0.158、0.309~0.375、1.537~1.916、0.478~0.596、0.049~0.072、0.279~0.354、0.629~0.759 mg/g。10批湿热痹片聚为2类；主成分1~6是影响湿热痹片质量评价的主要因子。结论 所建立的方法操作便捷、结果准确、重复性好，可用于湿热痹片的质量控制和评价。     

中医情志护理对血管性痴呆患者焦虑及抑郁情绪的影响

目的：探究中医情志护理对血管性痴呆患者焦虑及抑郁情绪的影响。方法：将84 例血管性痴呆患者，按随机数字表法分成2 组，对照组42 例给予常规护理；观察组42 例给予常规护理联合中医情志护理。评估2 组护理前后简明精神状态量表（MMSE）、日常生活能力评定量表（ADL）、长谷川痴呆量表（HDS）、痴呆严重程度临床评定表（WMS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS） 评分的变化情况。结果：2 组护理后MMSE 评分均较前升高（P＜0.05），观察组护理后MMSE 评分与对照组相比明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。护理后，2 组ADL、HDS、WMS 较前改善（P＜0.05）。观察组护理后ADL、HDS、WMS 较对照组改善更明显，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。护理后，2 组SAS、SDS 较前改善（P＜0.05）。观察组护理后SAS、SDS 与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：中医情志护理能有效缓解血管性痴呆患者焦虑和抑郁情绪，加速神经功能恢复，提高生活自理能力，临床效果显著。     

Longitudinal blood pressure patterns and cardiovascular disease risk

Abstract

Observational and interventional studies have unequivocally demonstrated that “present”, i.e. single-occasion, blood pressure is one of the key determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. Over the past two decades, however, numerous publications have suggested that longitudinal blood pressure data and assessment of long-term blood pressure exposure provide incremental prognostic value over present blood pressure. These studies have used several different indices to quantify the overall exposure to blood pressure, such as time-averaged blood pressure, cumulative blood pressure, blood pressure trajectory patterns, and age of hypertension onset. This review summarises existing research on the association between these indices and hard cardiovascular outcomes, outlines the strengths and weaknesses of these indices, and provides an overview of how longitudinal blood pressure changes can be measured and used to improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction.

• KEY MESSAGES

• Numerous recent publications have examined the relation between cardiovascular disease and long-term blood pressure (BP) exposure, quantified using indices such as time-averaged BP, cumulative BP, BP trajectory patterns, and age of hypertension onset.

• This review summarises existing research on the association between these indices and hard cardiovascular outcomes, outlines the strengths and weaknesses of these indices, and provides an overview of how longitudinal BP changes can be measured and used to improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction.

• Although longitudinal BP indices seem to predict cardiovascular outcomes better than present BP, there are considerable differences in the clinical feasibility of these indices along with a limited number of prospective data.

     

Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High-grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox-treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.     

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of high-dose methotrexate in Chinese adult patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a population analysis

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is widely used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the pharmacokinetic properties of HD-MTX in Chinese adult...     

朱启勇辨治复发性口疮思路

本文主要总结朱启勇教授诊治复发性口疮的思路与经验,认为复发性口疮与脏腑的虚、实、寒、热密切相关,并将复发性口疮分为胃热证、肺阴虚证、脾虚证3种证型,分别给予清降胃热、养阴清热、健脾益气治疗。